Classification of pressure vessels
Pressure vessels are essential components in various industrial applications, designed to hold gases or liquids at a pressure substantially different from the ambient pressure. Their classification is crucial for selecting the appropriate design, materials, and safety measures. Here’s an overview of the different ways pressure vessels are categorized:
1.Classification by Pressure
Pressure vessels are primarily classified based on the internal pressure they are designed to withstand. There are four main categories:
Low Pressure (L): 0.1 MPa ≤ p < 1.6 MPa
Medium Pressure (M): 1.6 MPa ≤ p < 10.0 MPa
High Pressure (H): 10 MPa ≤ p < 100 MPa
Ultra High Pressure (U): p ≥ 100 MPa
pressure vessel
2.Classification by Location
Pressure vessels can also be categorized based on their location and mobility:
Fixed Pressure Vessels: These are stationary and cannot be moved once installed. Examples include spherical storage tanks, horizontal storage tanks, synthesis towers, reactors, dryers, and separators.
Mobile Pressure Vessels: These are designed to be used while in transit, often as containers for various media. Examples include tanks mounted on trucks or railway cars.
3.Classification by Manufacturing Method
The method of manufacturing plays a significant role in the classification of pressure vessels. The main types include:
Welded Vessels
Forged Vessels
Hot-Sleeved Vessels
Multi-Layer Wrapped Vessels
Wound Vessels
Composite Vessels
4.Classification by Material
The materials used in the construction of pressure vessels determine their suitability for different applications and environments. The main material categories are:
Steel Vessels
Non-Ferrous Metal Vessels
Non-Metallic Vessels
5.Classification by Geometric Shape
The geometric shape of a pressure vessel affects its strength and stability under pressure. Common shapes include:
Cylindrical Vessels
Spherical Vessels
Rectangular Vessels
Composite Vessels
6.Classification by Installation Method
Pressure vessels can also be classified based on how they are installed:
Vertical Vessels: These are installed in an upright position.
Horizontal Vessels: These are installed lying down.
7.Classification by Wall Thickness
Finally, pressure vessels are categorized by the thickness of their walls:
Thin-Walled Vessels
Thick-Walled Vessels
Understanding the various classifications of pressure vessels is essential for engineers and professionals involved in their design, manufacturing, and application. Each category addresses specific operational needs, environmental conditions, and safety requirements, ensuring the pressure vessels perform efficiently and reliably in their designated roles.